Mac Screen Sharing
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I allowed it and it still does not work

Almost always the same thing: macOS does not apply a freshly granted permission to an application that is already running. Closing the window is not enough — the application keeps running. It has to be properly quit with Command-Q and started again. If that does not help either, the entry is stuck and one Terminal line resets it, after which macOS asks again on the next attempt.

Applications

Apple menu, top left → About This Mac — It shows the name there, for example "Sequoia 15.6". From macOS 13 onwards this window looks different than before.

When it does not work